Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), czyli zespół Brugadów

Brugada syndrome (BS) is a genetically determined illness which is a result of disfunctions of ion channels that regulate currents taking part in the formation of the action potential. It manifests itself in the occurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias leading to fainting, and they might be the cause of a sudden cardiac death. Nowadays, the only effective treatment and primary prevention of a sudden cardio-respiratory arrest is the implementation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. The main aim of the thesis was to present an ill person who was diagnosed with BS.Zespół Brugadów (BS) to choroba genetycznie uwarunkowana, która jest wynikiem zaburzeń funkcji kanałów jonowych regulujących prądy uczestniczące w powstawaniu potencjału czynnościowego. Objawia się występowaniem złośliwych arytmii komorowych prowadzących często do omdleń i mogących być przyczyną nagłego zgonu sercowego. Obecnie jedynym skutecznym sposobem leczenia i prewencji pierwotnej nagłego zatrzymania krążenia pozostaje implantacja kardiowertera-defibrylatora. Celem pracy było przedstawienie przypadku chorego, u którego rozpoznano BS

Pseudanabaena galeata CCNP1313 : biological activity and peptides production

Even cyanobacteria from ecosystems of low biodiversity, such as the Baltic Sea, can constitute a rich source of bioactive metabolites. Potent toxins, enzyme inhibitors, and anticancer and antifungal agents were detected in both bloom-forming species and less commonly occurring cyanobacteria. In previous work on the Baltic Pseudanabaena galeata CCNP1313, the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was documented. Here, the activity of the strain was further explored using human dermal fibroblasts, African green monkey kidney, cancer cell lines (T47D, HCT-8, and A549(ACE2/TMPRSS2)) and viruses (SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and WNV). In the tests, extracts, chromatographic fractions, and the main components of the P. galeata CCNP1313 fractions were used. The LC-MS/MS analyses of the tested samples led to the detection of forty-five peptides. For fourteen of the new peptides, putative structures were proposed based on MS/MS spectra. Although the complex samples (i.e., extracts and chromatographic fractions) showed potent cytotoxic and antiviral activities, the effects of the isolated compounds were minor. The study confirmed the significance of P. galeata CCNP1313 as a source of metabolites with potent activity. It also illustrated the difficulties in assigning the observed biological effects to specific metabolites, especially when they are produced in minute amounts

Application of the apparent diffusion coefficient in magnetic resonance imaging in an assessment of the early response to treatment in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma : pilot study

Purpose: Lymphoproliferative neoplasms are the largest and most frequently diagnosed entities in the group of haematological malignancies. The aim of the study was to assess whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy could be a predictor of prognosis and of the final treatment's outcome. Material and methods: The study included 27 patients with diagnosed Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who had magnetic resonance (MR) performed with diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient (DWI/ADC) before and on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy. Imaging was performed using a 1.5 T MR scanner. ADC was measured in lymphoma infiltration in the area of the lowest signal in the ADC map and the highest signal on b 800 images in post-treatment study. After that, the corresponding area was determined in a pre-treatment study and an ADC value was measured. Results: The difference between ADC values in pre-treatment (ADC = 720 mm2/s) and post-treatment (ADC = 1059 mm2/s) studies was statistically significant (p 752 mm2/s before treatment manifested lower probability of progression than patients with ADC < 752 mm2/s. Conclusions: ADC measurement's before treatment and on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic marker in lymphoma therapy. ADC values lower than 1080 mm2/s and an increase of the ratio after the treatment can be considered as a marker of disease progression

Pro Libris: Lubuskie Pismo Literacko-Kulturalne, nr 4 (2010)

145 s. : il., portr.

Pro Libris: Lubuskie Pismo Literacko-Kulturalne, nr 2 (2009)

123 s. : il.

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

The role and effectiveness of the leniency program as an instrument combating agreements restricting competition in Polish business law

Głównym celem tego opracowania jest zaprezentowanie zasad działania i ocena skuteczności programu łagodzenia kar pieniężnych dla przedsiębiorców uczestniczących w porozumieniach ograniczających konkurencję – tzw. programu leniency. W pracy przedstawione zostały również zagadnienia bezpośrednio związane z programem. Wyjaśnia ona czym jest konkurencja, z czego wynika konieczność jej ochrony, wskazuje na przykładowe zachowania uznawane za zagrożenie dla współczesnej konkurencji, a także zawiera charakterystykę porozumień ograniczających konkurencję i kar grożących przedsiębiorcom za udział w takich porozumieniach. Ostatni, czwarty rozdział pracy jest rozdziałem badawczym i to w nim zweryfikowana została skuteczność programu. Wskazuje on również elementy mogące mieć wpływ na tę skuteczność.The main purpose of this study is to present the principles of operation and to evaluate of the effectiveness of the leniency program for entrepreneurs participating in agreements restricting competition. The paper also presents issues directly related to the program. It explains what competition is, what causes the need for its protection, indicates examples of behaviors considered to be a threat to competition, and also contains characteristic of restrictive agreements and penalties that threaten entrepreneurs for participating in such agreements. The last, fourth chapter of the study is a research chapter in which the effectiveness of the program was verified. It also indicates the elements that may have an influence on the effectiveness

Justification of defamation – theory and practice of applying

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest omówienie, wyjaśnienie i doprecyzowanie pojęcia kontratypu dozwolonej krytyki zawartego w art. 213 k.k., wyłączającego bezprawność przestępstwa zniesławienia. Głównym celem pracy jest analiza orzecznictwa sądowego i ukazanie funkcjonowania tego przepisu w praktyce. Kanwę rozważań stanowi natomiast stanowisko doktryny oraz przepisy kodeksu karnego. Pierwsza część pracy służy wyjaśnieniu wszelkich zagadnień prawnych związanych z art. 213 k.k. Przywołane tu definicje i treść poszczególnych przepisów stanowią podstawę prowadzenia dalszych rozważań nad ich praktycznym zastosowaniem. Druga część została w całości poświęcona analizie wybranego orzecznictwa z zakresu spraw o zniesławienie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji, w których powoływano się na kontratyp tego przestępstwa. Jej meritum stanowi doprecyzowanie art. 213 k.k. W części trzeciej natomiast, omówiona została odpowiedzialność sprawcy przestępstwa zniesławienia z jej podziałem na odpowiedzialność karną i odpowiedzialność cywilną.The subject of this study is to discuss, explain and clarify the concept of justification of the allowed criticism which is contained in article 213 of the Penal Code. This justification excludes illegality of the offence of defamation. The main purpose is to analyze the jurisdiction and to present how this article functions in practice. The background of considerations is a view of doctrine and the content of the provisions of the Penal Code. The first part of this study explains all legal nuances stemming from the article 213. This section includes definitions and content of the particular provisions. They are the basis of further consideration and practical application of the justification discussed in this study.The second part is entirely devoted to the analysis of selected jurisdiction in defamation cases. It discusses particular references to the situations in which the justification of the allowed criticism was invoked. The clarification of article 213 is a centerpiece of this part of the study.The third part discusses the responsibility of the perpetrator of defamation. The section is divided into civil and criminal cases